People migrate for many reasons, but climate change is already providing
people with plenty of them. A major reason is a lack of resources that leads
to impoverished conditions. Migration is also an option for those looking for
work. As the agricultural sector in the United States is well aware, even
illegal migrations can have a profound impact on a nation and a culture, as
well as a commodity.

DISAPPEARING ISLANDS AND COASTAL AREAS

Tuvalu is a nation in the South Pacific situated atop nine coral atolls that is
swiftly disappearing. Both rising sea waters and repeated storm battering
have left the islands nearly uninhabitable. Salt water has risen into the
water table, killing many of the island's main food crop: coconut. Thought
the nation refuses to give up, its citizens are now being accepted into New
Zealand as environmental refugees.

The islands of Tebua Tarawa and Abanuea were abandoned in 1999 with
ceremony. Even the Marshall Islands, where the US famously tested a great
many nuclear devices have been severely eroded and may have to be
abandoned in the next few decades. Coral atolls are especially vulnerable
because they are supported by living organisms that suffer greatly from
pollutants and grow slowly in the best of conditions. When they die, the
islands crumble.

Coastal areas and barrier islands are also vulnerable. Partly because they
are home to a large portion of the human population. Islands such as the
Maldives and the Atlantic barrier islands are essential parts of hurricane
defense for the coastal mainland. When they're gone, the coasts are far
more vulnerable. Beaches in the US are being worn away faster than is
historically noted, with many famous and developed beaches having sand
brought in at a tremendous “carbon cost.”

These areas are under threat from storm surges, weather erosion, salt-water
inundation and an unprecedented number of large storms. Not only are
South Pacific nations under threat, but some of the major centers of the
world now have plans for flood preparedness. London is a good example of a
city that could be underwater in a century if sea level rises are as swift as
some climatologists predict.

REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH

As with all the physical tumult caused by a warming world, society is already
feeling the impact of climate change. Whether in the form of higher food and
fuel prices or chaotic markets, the old saying is true: the rich are getting
richer. And, it's only going to get worse.

Of course, this has been going on for quite some time, but given that oil
companies are able to reap giant rewards for extracting a substance that
they are not, generally, required to do anything about. Those who have
planned ahead and are prepared for the greatest changes are the only people
who can even hope to emerge from a climate change scenario even relatively
unscathed.

Wealth isn't like energy – it can be created just as it can be destroyed. The
likelihood that real climate change trouble will cause instability in the
currency markets goes without saying. It's already happening due to
fluctuations in the price of commodity goods and banking failures.

It remains to be seen what form wealth will take in the latter 21st century,
though it seems likely that, just as now, energy sectors will continue to be
big winners. Whether this will take the form of large projects or distributed
networks of local even individual power is not clear. Where renewable power
generation is networked, the remains of the 20th century may also retain
some of the accumulated wealth of “the oil days.”

WATER WARS AND OTHER RESOURCE CONFLICT

No matter what side of the political fence one may be on, it now seems
reasonable to say that the conflicts in Iraq, Kuwait, Georgia, Afghanistan and
other oil-rich countries in recent years probably have something to do with
oil. However, actions between nations in those areas is increasingly bound
up in the state of the local water supply.

It is said that about 20% of people on Earth live without regular access to
fresh water. One of the major goals of humanitarian organizations has been
to assist with methods of generating renewable and safe waters for
communities that have already been suffering from water shortages and
bouts of water-borne illness that have been made worse in recent years as a
consequence of climate change.

Tags: energy efficient, planet friendly, grow your own produce

As if floods, storms, fires and lack of fresh water weren't enough of a
problem! What makes climate change such a massive threat to life on Earth
are the innumerable ways the effects of a greenhouse-warmed atmosphere
ripple out and cause trouble everywhere.

EXTINCTION PRESSURE

The 20th century was not kind to plant and animal life on Earth. During that
time the human population has exploded, and increased lifestyle
expectations worldwide have increased the pressure on rare and unique
ecosystems. Though a great amount of land has been put into parkland and
national trust, countries that face great pressures have been known to relax
the rules to such an extent that the lands are far less than ideally protected
from human pressures on wildlife.

While some species continue to be hunted for their flesh, fur and feathers,
most run the risk of extinction through habitat destruction. It is predicted
that Mount Kilimanjaro will loose its snowy cap by 2020 as a result of climate
change induced low precipitation and warmer temperatures. What is less
well known is that the unique habitat that exists at the top of that mountain
will likely disappear forever, too.

PEST OUTBREAKS

Insects and other invertebrates breed faster when temperatures are higher.
As a result, climate change will favor these highly adaptable creatures, likely
resulting in major pest outbreaks in all major agricultural areas. Places
where pest populations have been reliably killed from one year to another
are beginning to see mild winter seasons that leave pest populations
unvanquished.

The potential for these secondary effects of climate change to wreck havoc
on food production is enormous. Given that most of the world's caloric needs
are met with just five food crops (maize, wheat, rice, cassava, potato), the
likelihood of one of these crops developing a pathogen such as Southern
Corn Blight in the 1970s or the soft rot bacteria that caused the Irish Potato
Famine is great.

INSECTS

A great many of the pests that threaten agricultural production as well as
human and animal health are insects. These creatures have the ability to
reproduce out of control without predators of their own. Exotic insect pests
without natural enemies are also a concern, especially in area dominated by
agricultural production, such as California that has been protected by
agricultural inspection for many years, now.

Perhaps more importantly, many of the insecticides that are on the market
today for commercial food production are made from oil or with a lot of help
from it. In a carbon-neutral future, these petrochemical inputs are liable to
be saved as a course of last resort when organic methods don't work in a
cost-effective manner for as long as they're available.

FUNGUS AND BACTERIA

Also prone to exponential growth when conditions are right, most fungus and
bacteria thrive in warm and moist conditions. They are also more likely to
invade crops that are stressed from poor mineral nutrition and the low vigor
conditions that arise in drought conditions. When conditions do turn wet
again, the fungus and bacteria are ready to go, faster than most crop plants.

A lack of biodiversity in the plant world can puts crop plants at higher risk
because there are fewer unique plants to breed useful characteristics from.
Though biotechnology and GMO use traits from organisms that would
otherwise be unable to breed, these mutated organisms can get in the pollen
supply of wild varieties, contaminating the wild types with a genotype that
could prove problematic in the future.

FOOD SUPPLY PANICS

The pressures on agriculture due to climate change are intense. Land is
becoming less available as population pressures, especially on inland areas
are due to increase dramatically. Water chaos makes it very hard to rely
upon rainfall without irrigation, increasing the cost of production. Annual
systems are harder to tend under these and increased pest pressures.

Add to this the increased cost of transport from rural to urban areas.
Transport fuel is the most prone to price inflation, and as crops are now
being used to fuel transport, even more food is taken out of the human
supply. During the 2007-2008 spike in the global price of oil, many areas
began to feel the pressure of rising food costs, including North America.
Other countries have experienced actual food riots for the first time (outside
of wartime) in generations.

Simply put, hungry people are not happy people, especially if they're not
accustomed to shortages of any kind. In such circumstances, people tend to
either seek extreme changes or move on.

Tags: climate change, reduce fuel consumption, hydrogen fuel